Improvement in tuyeres



3 Sheets--Sheet1. F. H. LLUY D.

Tuyeres.

No.166,617. PatentedAug.10,I875.

@ivmm rwmy z'a/md/ 021M? A 7 MW WW 7 N. FETERSfPHOTU-LITHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

3 Sheets--Sheet 2. F. H. LLOYD.

Tuyeres.

N0.]66,617. I PatentedAug.10,1875.

1 Flo-1V MPEIERS, PHDTOLITNDGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. n

3 Sheets -Sheet 3. F. H. LLOYD.

Tuyeres.

N0. 166,617. I Patented Aug.10,1875.

T0 all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD, OF WEDNESBURY, ENGLAIFD.

IMPROVEMENT IN TUYERES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 166,6 17, dated August 10, 1875; application filed July 27, 1875.

Be it known that 'I, FRANCIS HENRY I LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the county of Stafford, England, manufacturer, have invented Improvements in Tuyeres for Blast-Furnaces and other Furnaces and Forges, of which the; .following is a specification:

My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in tuyeres for blast andi other furnaces and forges, by which improve-, ments the liability to explosion, which is the} cause of frequent accidents in tuyeres of the ordinary kind is entirely obviated, and an ef- I ficient, economical, and safe tuyere produced. f

In constructing a tuyere according to my invention I construct a conical tube of iron,

the said tube having hollow walls, as in tuy-g.

-eres of the ordinary construction. I dispense, f however, with the closing-ring at the outer end or base of the tuyere, but retain the closing-ring at the front or nose end of the tuyere. I also dispense with the tube by which, in the; ordinary tuyere, water is introduced into and 1 conducted from the tuyere. Into the hollow; 01' annular space inclosed between the walls; of the tuyere I introduce and fix a spiral tube, 2 the figure of the said spiral tube being suchf that its convolutions, when the said spiral is fixed in its placed, are situated midway be- -tween the concentric walls of the tuyere. This spiral is furnished with a series of small holes or perforations, both on the inner and outer sides of the convolutions, and the end convo-: lution has also perforations in its end face. A stream of water, under pressure, being sent through the coil, a great number of small jets, or a spray of water, is projected on every part of the inside of the tuyere, and its overheating efi'ectually prevented.

Instead of a spiral tube a frame or system of tubes, of a figure proper to fit the interior of the tuyere, may be employed; and instead -of the small holes or perforations described a series of slits may be employed. To prevent inconvenience, should the coil or frame of tubes -become choked, the said coil or frame maybe made in duplicate, the convolutions or tubes of one coil or frame alternating with those of the other. There being thus two independent :supplies of water, the choking of one coil or:

f venience.

As the base of the tuyere is open the nose or fore end can always be inspected, and its condition ascertained.

Having explained the nature of my invention, I will proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the manner in which the same is'to be performed.

Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a blast-furnace tuyere constructed according to my invention. The said tuyere consists of two concentric conical tubes, 0. b, the inner tube 1) conveying the blast. The tubes a b are connected together at the fore end or nose by a closing-ring, c, which may be either made of the same piece of metal as the outer tube a, and welded to the end of the inner tube b, or

the closing-ring may be made of a separate piece of metal, and connected to the tubes a and b, respectively, by riveting or otherwise. The tubes a bare open at their base or outer end, as represented. The pipe d, by which the water under pressure is supplied for keeping the tuyere cool, occupies the annular space between the tubes a and b, that portion of the pipe d which is within the tuyere being bent into the figure of a coil or helix, as represented, the said coil or helix surrounding the inner or blast pipe 12. The several convolutions of the helical pipe are marked 01*, and the'helix or coil terminates in the pipe 6, which is closed by a stop-cock or screw-cap. By opening the stop-cock or removing the screw-cap any sediment in the coil may be blown out. The several convolutions of the water-pipe are provided on their outer and inner sides with a series of small holes or, jets. The end convolution-that is, the one nearest the closingring cis perforated with a large number of the said small holes or jets on its front end or face, but has also holes or jets in its outer and inner sides. From the holes described small jets or streams or a spray of water are or is thrown on the tube a and on the tube 1), and onthe closing-ring c. From the greater number, and the arrangement of the holes'or jets in the end convolution, the said end convolution delivers more water than either of the others, and directs it principally on the closing-ring c.

I prefer to make more jets'on the upper or outer sides of the top portions of thecoils than same side of the tube.

on the inner or under sides of the said top portions of the coils; and I prefer to make more jets on the upper sides of the lower portions on which the water is received, when it falls from the surfaces on which it has been projected, receive less water direct from the coils. In this way every part of the tuyere iskept cool, and the heated waste-water escapes by the pipe f. The steam produced escapes at the open back of the tuyere.

Instead of circular holes the convolutions d of the water-pipe'may be provided with slits at intervals for supplying the water to the interior of the tuyere. v

From an examination of Fig. 1 it will be seen that the coil or system of pipes d d e may be readily withdrawn from and introduced into the tuyere. It will be further seen that the interior of the tuyere can at all times be readily examined from the open end or base of the tuyere. Instead of making the waterpipe of the figure of a continuous coil or helix,

.it may be bent into a zigzag figure, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, Fig. 2 representing the tuyere in elevation, and Fig. 3 representing the same in longitudinal section.

By an examination of Fig. 3 it will be seen that in this modification the water-pipe 9, passing along the lower part of the tuyere, ascends on one side the inner tube b, and passing over it at descends on the other side of the said tube b. Rising on the same side of the tube 1), it crosses the said tube 6 at y and again descends, but is bent so as to ascend on the Crossing the top of the tube 11 at y it descends, and passing under the tube 1) again ascends and terminates in the return-pipe h, which is closed by a screwcap or stop-cock. The water-pipe, bent as described, is provided with holes or slits, as described with reference to the tuyere, Fig. 1.

Although I have represented the forms of coil or bent water-tube which I prefer, I do not limit myself to these particular figures, as the said water-tube may be bent into other figures more or less resembling a coil or the zigzag arrangement, Figs. 2 and 3, with like effect. The convolutions or bendings may also be varied in number and distance apart. Instead of a coil or the zigzag arrangement ,of the water-tube, Figs. 2 and 3, a system of pipes of the kind illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. may be employed, Fig. 4: being a side elevation partly in section, and an end elevation of of a tuyere having the said system of pipes,

and Fig. 5 a horizontal section of the same.

In this modification of my invention a series .of straight perforated pipes, z, is arranged, in

the manner represented in the annular space between the outer and inner tubes a I). These pipes 'i are connected together at the nose end of the tuyere by a hollow ring, 70, their rear ends being closed. The ring it and pipes i are supplied with water by the pipe 0?. Thesaid pipes are provided with small holes or slits on their outer and inner sides, so as to deliver jets or sprays of water in the direction of radiuses on the outer and inner tubes to b of the tuyere, and the hollow ring k is provided on its face with holes or slits, so as to deliver jets or sprays of water on the closing-ring c of the tuyere. The principal supply of water or spray is from the holes or slits in the ring 70. The last described modification may be varied in the manner illustrated in Fig. 6, which represents in longitudinal section a tuyere constructed according to this modification. Instead of the system of separate pipes z z and ring k, Figs. 4. and 5, a hollow flattened ring, m, may be used, the said hollow flattened ring m being provided on its-'upperand'lower surfaces, and on its front face or end,.with small holes or slits, which throw water both on the outer and inner tubes at b, and upon the closing-ring at the nose of the tuyere. Water is supplied to the ring m by the pipe at. Any sediment may be blown out at the pipe 1). The ring 70, Figs. 4 and 5, may be dispensed, with, and water under pressure supplied to the open-ended tuyere by one or a series of straight perforated pipes.

In every form of my invention the water from the jets collects on the bottom of. the outer pipe of the tuyere and passes away at the open rear end of the tuyere. The whole of the tuyeres constructed according to my invention may be made of wrought-iron, copper, brass, or gun metal; or the said tubes may be made principally of wrought-iron, and provided with a nose-piece ofcopper or gun metal; or, when the tuyere is made of iron, the nose end may be coated or covered with a coating or covering of copper or gun metal; or a coating of copper or other metal may be applied to the tuyere or its nose end by the pro cess of electro-deposition. The object of the said copper or gun metal in each case is to prevent the attachment of scoria to the tuyere.

Inorder to prevent the choking of the waterpipes or the holes or slits therein by sediment or impurity in the water, I prefer to insert at any convenient place in the supply-pipe a filter or strainer by which solid particles may be arrested. The filter or strainer consists of a chamber in the course of the supply-pipe containing sponge or other filtering material, and does not interfere with the pressure at which the water is delivered.

An alarm may be connected with the tuyere for indicating when the tuyere becomes overheated by any deficiency in the water supply.

Tuyeres constructed according to my invention are not attended in case of accident with danger of explosion, or with the inconveniences arising from leakage of water into the furnace.

My invention is specially applicable to the tuyeres of furnaces used in smelting iron, and commonly called blast-furnaces; but it is also applicable to the tuyeres of other furnaces where a blast is used-such, for example, as the tuyeres used in a refinery, aswell as to smiths forges or fires.

Having now described the nature of my invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my invention; but

I claim as my invention of improvements in tuyeres for blast-furnaces and other furnaces and forges FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD. [L.

Witnesses:

- RICHARD SKERRETT, HENRY SKIERRETT,

0f 37 Temple street, Bimm'ngham. 

